环球观焦点：近八成美国女性职位可能被人工智能替代或淘汰

自从ChatGPT等生成式人工智能技术被广泛应用后，人类岗位被人工智能取代的讨论就不断升温。美国一项新研究分析称，79%的美国女性劳动者从事的职业极易被自动化技术取代或淘汰，相比之下，只有58%的美国男性劳动者面临这样的风险。

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Recent research shows that although outnumbered by men in the US workforce, women could be disproportionately affected by businesses’ adoption of generative AI: One recent analysis estimates that 79% of working women (nearly 59 million) are in occupations susceptible to disruption and automation. That’s compared to 58% of working men, according to research from the University of North Carolina’s Kenan-Flagler Business School.

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最近的研究显示，尽管美国女性劳动人口数量没有男性那么多，但是企业应用生成式人工智能技术对女性的影响可能要大得多：美国北卡罗来纳大学凯南-弗拉格勒商学院的新研究分析称，79%的美国女性劳动者（近5900万人）从事的职业极易受到干扰或被取代或淘汰；相比之下，只有58%的美国男性劳动者面临这样的风险。

A higher percentage of working women are employed in white-collar jobs, whereas for men it’s more of a 50-50 split between white- and blue-collar occupations, said Mark McNeilly, professor of the practice of marketing at the Kenan-Flagler school and lead author of the AI research.

这项人工智能研究的首席作者、凯南-弗拉格勒商学院营销实践学教授马克·麦克内利表示，从事白领工作的职业女性比例更高，而从事白领和蓝领工作的男性比例各占一半。

Revelio Labs, which specializes in the collection and analysis of publicly available workforce data, recently identified the most AI-exposed occupations and the gender and ethnicity distributions among them. Revelio’s analysis showed that the AI-exposed positions with the highest percentage of women included bill and account collectors (82.9%), payroll and timekeeping clerks (79.7%), executive secretaries (74.3%), word processors and typists (65.4%) and bookkeeping, accounting and auditing clerks (65%).

专门收集和分析公开的劳动力数据的Revelio实验室近日查出了受人工智能威胁最大的职业以及这些职业的性别和种族分布情况。Revelio的分析显示，可能被人工智能取代且女性占比最高的职业包括催债员（82.9%）、薪酬考勤记录员（79.7%）、执行秘书（74.3%）、文字处理员和打字员（65.4%）以及簿记、会计和审计文员（65%）。

In the most AI-exposed occupations, women make up 71% of employees, said Ben Zweig, Revelio’s chief executive officer.

Revelio的首席执行官本·茨威格指出，在受人工智能威胁最大的职业中，女性员工占了71%。

Generative artificial intelligence technologies like ChatGPT have the potential to transform the labor market, exposing the majority of the nation’s jobs to automation, Goldman Sachs economists have projected. The technology can create new content — such as text, images, audio, video, and code — from training data that includes examples of that desired output.

高盛集团的经济学家预测，ChatGPT等生成式人工智能技术可能会改变劳动力市场，让大多数职位面临自动化风险。这一技术可以用包括范例在内的训练数据生成新内容，比如文本、图像、音频、视频和代码。

Generative AI might not have the capacity now to turn a patient over or insert an IV, but it could prove helpful in poring through billions of pieces of imaging data to diagnose a condition.

生成式人工智能技术现在也许还不能给病人翻身或打针，但是实践已证明它能够读取数十亿张影像数据来诊断病情。

"The thing about AI is that it’s not perfect; it’s generating new content from existing content,” she said. “It still needs a human to create some existing content for it to pull from. And whatever it’s generating, it doesn’t mean it’s right — you still need someone to look at it and see if it makes sense.” said Dana Peterson, chief economist at the Conference Board.

世界大型企业联合会的首席经济学家德娜·彼得森称：“人工智能的问题在于它不够完美，它只能根据现有的内容来生成新内容。它仍然需要人类来创造供其参考的内容。而且无论它生成什么内容，都不意味着一定准确，仍然需要有人看一下是否合理。”

"Yes, it may destroy jobs in the short run, but it also creates new jobs and different opportunities. It helps people to become more productive in their existing jobs,” she said.

“没错，短期来看人工智能可能会淘汰一些职位，但是它也会带来新职位和新机会。它会帮助人们提高当下的工作效率。”

英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网

翻译&编辑：丹妮

来源：中国日报网

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